The ecological ceilings
There are nine ecological boundaries defined by the Stockholm Institute. Overshooting these boundaries takes us past a planetary ceiling that creates an unsafe planet for humans.
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Air Pollution
Minimising the amount of indoor or outdoor contamination by any chemical, physical or biological agent.
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Biodiversity loss
Ensuring an abundance of varities of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.
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Chemical pollution
Managing the level of new substances entering the environment that have the potential for unwanted geophysical and/or biological effects.
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Climate change
Maintaining safe and steady concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent changes in global temperatures.
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Freshwater Withdrawals
Preventing excessive withdrawals of water which can damage ecosystems and alter the hydrological cycle and climate.
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Land conversion
Preventing conversion of a forested area to another use such as agricultural land or urban area.
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Nitrogen & phosphorus loading
Managing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus entering water ecosystems.
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Ocean Acidification
Preventing oceans from absorbing excessive amounts of carbon dioxide which decreases its pH.
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Ozone layer depletion
Maintaining a safe level of ozone molecules in the stratosphere.